
Has your dog ever growled when you approached their food bowl? Or perhaps they snap when you try to take away a prized toy? If so, you've likely encountered resource guarding – a common but often misunderstood behavior in dogs. In this post, we'll dive deep into what resource guarding is, why it happens, and most importantly, how to address it using science-based, positive reinforcement methods.
What is Resource Guarding?
Resource guarding refers to a dog's tendency to protect items they perceive as valuable from being taken by others. This can include food, toys, sleeping spots, stolen items or even people. Behaviors can range from subtle signs like freezing or whale eye (showing the whites of their eyes) to more obvious ones like growling, snapping, or biting.
Why Do Dogs Resource Guard?
Contrary to outdated beliefs, resource guarding isn't about dominance or your dog trying to be the "alpha." Instead, it's a natural behavior with several potential causes:
Evolutionary instinct: In the wild, guarding resources can be crucial for survival.
Past experiences: Dogs who have experienced scarcity may be more likely to guard. Dogs who get punished for growling or possessing something they shouldn’t have may also be more likely to escalate their behavior in the future.
Lack of early positive experiences: Puppies who aren't taught that sharing is a positive experience may exhibit guarding behaviors.
Anxiety or stress: Some dogs guard resources due to anxiety or stress.
Genetics: Both breed and the direct familial line can have an impact on whether a dog exhibits guarding and how severe the behavior will be.
Underlying pain and discomfort: According to recent studies (Mills, 2020) Resource guarding, including protectiveness of the water bowl, has been widely observed by in association with both musculoskeletal pain (e.g., hip dysplasia) and chronic gastro-intestinal disease.
The Science-Based Approach to Managing Resource Guarding
The good news is that resource guarding can often be improved or resolved using positive, force-free methods. Here are some evidence-based strategies:
Teach "Trade Up" Games: Offer your dog something of higher value in exchange for the guarded item. Start with low-value items and gradually work up to more prized possessions. This teaches your dog that giving up an item leads to something even better.
Practice "Drop It" with Rewards: Teach a reliable "drop it" cue using positive reinforcement. Always reward compliance generously to build a positive association.
Respect Your Dog's Space: Avoid forcing interactions or taking items away unnecessarily. Give your dog space when they have high-value items.
Create Positive Associations: Pair your approach to valuable items with good things happening. Toss treats near your dog's bowl while they eat or drop a toy nearby as you pass. This needs to be done carefully if your dog is already exhibiting unsafe behavior around meal time and should be done under the supervision of a qualified dog trainer or behavior consultant.
Manage the Environment: Prevent access to items that trigger intense guarding when you can't actively work on training. Use baby gates or crates to create safe spaces during mealtimes if needed.
Desensitization and Counterconditioning: Start by practicing with items that are less likely to trigger a guarding response from your dog. Pair these situations with positive experiences to change the emotional response. Over time, you can work towards higher value items. Again, this is best done with the help of a professional!
Veterinary exam: It is important to do a rule out for pain or other medical conditions that may be contributing to your dogs guarding behavior.
Seek Professional Help: Consult a certified force-free trainer or veterinary behaviorist for personalized guidance. They can assess your specific situation and create a tailored plan.
Why Punishment Doesn't Work
It's crucial to avoid punishing resource guarding behaviors. Punishment can:
• Increase anxiety and fear, potentially worsening the guarding.
• Damage the trust between you and your dog.
• Lead to more severe guarding or aggressive responses in the future.
Instead, focus on building trust and creating positive associations with people approaching valued resources.
Conclusion:
Resource guarding is a common canine behavior that, while challenging, can be effectively managed with patience, understanding, and positive reinforcement techniques. By using the science-based methods outlined in this post, you can help your dog feel more secure and reduce their need to guard resources. Remember, every dog is unique, so don't hesitate to seek professional help if you're struggling. With time and consistent training, you can build a stronger, more trusting relationship with your furry companion.
Have you dealt with resource guarding in your dog? Share your experiences or questions in the comments below. And if you found this post helpful, don't forget to share it with fellow dog lovers who might benefit from this information!
Are you ready to tackle your dog's resource guarding? Get in touch to start training!
References:
Mills, Daniel S., et al. “Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs.” MDPI, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 18 Feb. 2020, www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/2/318
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